Overcoming Ethnic Inequalities: LESSONS FROM MALAYSIA.

Author 1 Klitgaard, Robert Author 2 Katz, Ruth Beginning in 1971, Malaysia took unprecedented steps to improve the welfare of ethnic Malays vis-a-vis the country’s large Chinese minority. The programs included quotas in education, employment, and ownership, as well as a variety of subsidies, credit schemes, and political measures. The circumstances were favorable: The disadvantaged … Read more

Affirmative action, ethnicity and integration: the case of Malaysia

In societies with ethnically diverse populations, the persistence of ethnicity, often associated with economic, political and social inequalities between ethnic groups, continues to cause concern among scholars and practitioners. In some of these societies like the U.S., India, and Malaysia – affirmative action programs have been instituted as a means to redress these inequalities and … Read more

Communalism and confusion: towards a clarification of terms in the study of Malaysian politics

The article discusses two terms including communal and communalism which are widely used in academic studies of the political process in Malaysia. The Democratic Action Party (DAP) is the principal opposition party of Malaysia and without it communal politics would not arise. Another political party called Partai Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia considers Barisan Nasional, DAP, and … Read more

Small Enterprises in ASEAN Need for regional co-operation.

Discusses the necessity of encouraging cooperation among small businesses in the Association of SouthEast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. Instances when suggestions for further business cooperation were not successful; Extent of small enterprises in the ASEAN; Strategies for providing regional development, manpower training and financial assistance programs. Download

Modernizing the Budget System: the Malaysian Experience

Programme and performance budgeting (PPB) was first introduced in Malaysia in 1969 and experience with operating and developing the system carries lessons for other countries. The initial introduction under the influence of external advisers, involved treating PPB as a mechanical exercise in which right procedures had to be followed. From 1972 the strategy changed to … Read more

Budgeting as an Instrument of Development: The Malaysian Experience

In a country in which the national budget constitutes a substantial percentage of the GNP, over time the policy decisions on both revenues and expenditures have far reaching implications for the well-being of the people and their economy. Taxation measures, including the grant of tax incentives to specific types of industries, have an important effect … Read more